The Aztecs Essay Research Paper When the free essay sample

The Aztecs Essay, Research Paper When the Spaniards under Hernan Cortez gazed upon the Aztec capital of Tenochtitl? N in Mexico in 1519, the scene before them amazed them. There, in the center of a broad lake was a shimmering metropolis with bright white walls of huge edifices sitting on an island in the center of a big lake with causeways linked to it. The amazement of those first Spanish visitants shortly turned to horror when they saw the huge graduated table of ritual forfeits made by the Aztecs. Even today, it is difficult to grok the extent or principle for this ritual forfeit. It is estimated that the Aztec royalty sacrificed about 20,000 people per twelvemonth. Prisoners were taken to the top of pyramids where, upon a ritual level rock tabular array, they had their thoraxs cut upon and their Black Marias ripped out. Then the organic structures of the victims were tossed down the stairss of the pyramids. We will write a custom essay sample on The Aztecs Essay Research Paper When the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The scene to both the Spaniards of that clip and to us today is genuinely ghastly. But it was non mere thirst for blood that motivated the Aztecs to prosecute in this mass ritual forfeit. Critical to understanding the motive behind the ritual forfeits is the construct of # 8221 ; tonalli, # 8221 ; which means: # 8220 ; inspiring spirit. # 8221 ; The tonalli in worlds was believed to be located in the blood, which concentrates in the bosom when one becomes frightened. This explains the Gods # 8217 ; hungriness for the bosom. Without this forfeit, all gesture Michigans, even the motion of the Sun. So when the Aztecs made their forfeits, every bit far as they were concerned, they were maintaining the Sun from holding in its orbit. Particularly thirsty for blood was the war God, Huitzilopochtli. On the other manus, Quetzalcoatl was a kinder, gentler God. Quetzalcoatl merely demanded the forfeit of animate beings such as serpents and butterflies. The victims of these ritual slaughters were normally warriors captured by the Aztecs in conflicts or testimonials from vassal provinces in the signifier of worlds offered up for forfeit. This is why the Aztecs neer to the full conquered many of the environing provinces. They needed a steady supply of ritual forfeit victims. If they used their ain people for forfeit so it could do an rebellion. There was another ground for these ritual forfeits # 8212 ; cannibalism. After the Black Marias were removed and the organic structures tossed down the temple stairss, the limbs were removed and subsequently cooked. As repugnant as cannibalism is to us today, back so to the Aztecs, cooked human organic structures were looked upon as great daintinesss which explains why merely Aztec royalty, non the common people, were allowed to prosecute in cannibalism. The favourite parts for the Aztecs to crunch on were the custodies and thighs. The Aztec emperor, Moctezuma, was reported to hold been partial to cooked thighs served with tomatoes and chili Piper nigrum sauce. This scene might turn our tummies but it must besides be remembered that the Aztecs had no domestic farm animal so the organic structure leftovers ( the Black Marias given to the Gods were the chief class ) from the ritual forfeits was a manner for the Aztec royalty to obtain proteins and fats. Therefore in the Aztecs we can see a mingling of faith and nutriment which resulted in human forfeit. The Aztecs: Ambivalence and Beauty The Aztecs were besides known as the Tenocha or the Mexica and the name Mexico comes from this. They were the dominant peoples of Central America at the clip of the Spanish conquering in the early 1500s. Read The Conquest of New Spain by Bernal Diaz for an perfectly gripping history of this by a conquistador who was at that place. The centre of Aztec civilization was the metropolis of Tenochtitl? n [ Teh-noche-TEE-tlahn- place of the bristly pear cactus ] in the Valley of Mexico. This was on the location of the present twenty-four hours site of Mexico City. It is estimated that at the clip of the Spanish conquering Tenochtitl? N had in the part of 200,000-300,000 people and it was seemingly a beautiful sight. It would hold been larger than any European metropolis of the clip. It contained more than forty finely adorned pyramids, big residential countries, and six major canals which acted as conveyance paths along which the dwellers traveled by canoes. Family life was of import to the Aztecs. When babes were born, a accoucheuse assisted the bringing. Midwifes were extremely regarded professionals. As Aztec adult females married when they were every bit immature as 15 the first birth was frequently to a adolescent miss of a immature age. The accoucheuse would cut the umbilical cord, wash the babe, and so offer a supplication to Chalchiuhtlicue [ Jade-Her-Skirt ] . Baby male childs were told that life was hard and full of enduring and that they were likely to decease in conflict or as forfeits. The umbilical cord of male child was given to warriors to be buried on the battlegrounds. Male childs were educated at place by their male parents until they were approximately ten when they started school. The umbilical cord of a miss was buried following to the fireplace. The domestic function was seen as the most of import portion of a adult female # 8217 ; s life. The adult females by and large stayed within the place and cooked and mad e vesture. When girl babes were born the helping accoucheuse told them that they were to the house as the bosom was to the organic structure. Girls stayed in the place with their female parents and began their # 8220 ; developing # 8221 ; when they were four. By the age of 12 they were accomplished weavers. The adult females dressed in wraparound skirts and sleeveless blouses. Womans frequently colored their faces in a pale xanthous ocher pulverization to heighten their attraction. A adult male could hold one chief married woman but a figure of secondary married womans. It was of import to Aztec adult females, like adult females everyplace, to be thought to be beautiful. Mature, married Aztec adult females typically wore their hair in two horn-like tussocks while younger adult females frequently wore it straight and long sometimes down to the waist. Like the Egyptians cleanliness was valued as was a pleasant aroma. Womans used to have on Garlands of pleasant smelling flowers around their cervixs. Aztec adult females were non to set ruddy on their oral cavities and were to maintain clean and wash if they wanted their hubbies to go on to love them. Most Aztec adult females did non wear makeups but some adult females accompanied warriors and these wore a xanthous ocher and died their dentitions red. Aztec adult females decorated themselves with jewellery including shell, clay, cherished metals, and plumes. The ideal Aztec adult female was non excessively thin and immature adult females were told non to hold early babes because of what it would make to their figures! Aztec adult females were supposed to be modest in their sexual behavior though there were cocottes within the civilization. Female criminal conversation was punishable by decease. The Aztecs loved flowers and # 8216 ; Flowers-and-song # 8217 ; was their name for poesy, art and symbolism. Some of their poesy is emotionally really expressive and one of their preoccupations was how ephemeral and temporary life is-perhaps merely like a dream or a flower that blossoms to melt. Judging by facets of their art the Aztecs were, as many civilizations have been, really ambivalent in their positions of adult females. There is a ten-foot diameter round sculpture from the temple of Huitzilopochtli in Tenochtitlan that illustrates this. It depicts the organic structure of a bare adult female ( Coyolxauhqui ) that has been dismembered. This was the sister of Huitzilopochtli who, with her boies, planned to kill him when he was born. He emerged from the uterus of his female parent full sized and armed for war. He chased away his nephews and decapitated his sister. This mythic narrative diagrammatically represents sibling competition, warnings to the enemies of the Aztecs what will go on to them, and the attractive and scaring power of adult females. Coaticlue is the name of the serpent-skirted female parent of the war-god. A statue shows her with duplicate rattler caputs and a necklace of human custodies and Black Marias. She could transform herself into a beautiful adult female that would so take work forces to their deceases. Many goddesses of ancient people were associated with beauty, gender and war. Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, took the God of war as her lover. Ishtar, the Babylonian goddess of love and gender, was besides really warlike. This association reveals a psychological truth that is that the attraction of female beauty is frequently connected with, but does non do, struggle between work forces. This is besides true in much of the carnal universe where there is struggle between male animate beings over sexual entree to females. [ Beauty, Sex, and War ] The Aztecs were great lovers of poesy, flowers, and cocoa which was a favourite drink of the Aztec aristocracy. It was made by drying chocolate tree beans, roasting them over a fire, thumping them to a paste and blending them with H2O. Other spices including chili, sweet pepper and vanilla were frequently added to it. It was thought to hold both medicative belongingss and to be an aphrodisiac. There was a celebrated assemblage of Aztec wise work forces and poets about 1490 when they met to discourse the true significance of poesy. It took topographic point at the house of Godhead Tecayehuatzin, prince of Huexotzinco. The poets and wise work forces put on mats and were served baccy and frothing mugs of cocoa by retainers while they discussed the true significance of flowers-and-song which is what the Aztecs called poesy. One Aztec metaphor for blood can be translated as # 8216 ; flower # 8217 ; . Dead warriors spilled their blood to feed the Gods and became eagle work forces who flew into the Sun Xipe Totec, the God of spring. Spring was greeted by giving imitators of Xipe Totec. These sacrificial victims would be skinned and the tegument so worn by the believers. This seemingly repeated the rhythm of the chaff of maize about to mature and the Earth being rhenium newed with flora. Through what we call their myths it is possible to see how these people tried to cover with their ambivalent feelings about both the beauty and premium of their environment and its possible to bring mayhem and cause injury. We find their pattern of human forfeit rather hideous yet it is rather possible to see how these myths and ritualized patterns may hold originated as a consequence of the impact on the heads of the peoples being subjected to both the violent forces of nature-jaguars, hurricanes, fiery rain ( perchance vents ) , inundations, temblors and drouth every bit good as the beauty and premium of nature. One position of ritual forfeit is that it is a manner of adhering tenseness and struggle within a community so that the choler within a community is displaced onto the sacrificial victims thereby halting the community from rupturing itself apart. Drought and other natural catastrophes could convey dearth. The Gods gave their blood to the universe. In order to maintain the universe traveling and the spring rains falling adult male had to give blood back. From the point of position of modern psychological science an apprehension of how what we call trauma and station traumatic emphasis upset leads to interesting guesss on some of the more hideous facets of Mesoamerican ritual patterns. There would hold been important morbidity among the early dwellers of this part due to human weakness in the face of the powerful and destructive forces of nature such as temblors, vents, drouth, inundations, and hurricanes. Awful marauders like the panther, cougar, or toxicant serpents would besides hold taken a important toll. These myths and faith seem to map as efforts to get the hang and command this anxiousness and yet, at the same clip, are a reenactment and repeat of the injury. Aztec/Christian analogues or opposite parallels The Aztecs carved the bosom out of an alive human war prisoner, dedicated his bosom # 8217 ; s blood to the Sun, and ate his organic structure in order to honour their Gods and to continue the universe ; Christians beheld their man-god nailed alive to a cross, and Ate and imbibe his organic structure and blood in a symbolic ceremonial in order to salvage themselves. At the temples of both faiths one could meet black clad priests executing cryptic rites ; the Aztecs pinned the skulls of their victims onto racks outside their temples ; the Spanish church featured auto-da-fe # 8217 ; s staged by the Inquisition in which legion misbelievers would be burned alive in wicker baskets in the town square. ] The victim was led to the communion table at the top of the pyramid, stretched across a rock by three priests [ look into figure, think 4 held and 5th ripped out, would double 4 central points plus Sun as centre of Aztec wheel ] who held his limbs, while a 4th ripped out the populating bosom, keeping it up so that the spraying blood might splatter about # 8211 ; it was a definite award to be sprayed with the blood, one that the priests reserved for themselves and sing very important persons. Calciferol: therefore human forfeit was a portion of many Native American civilizations on both continents, for many 1000s of old ages. The Aztecs had come to keep it as a day-to-day necessity to prolong the Sun in its class. They levied human testimonial from their liege states # 8211 ; one of Cortez # 8217 ; first mainland experiences was to witness such a demand on the coastal cempoallans. Some provinces, like the tlaxcala, the Aztec refused to suppress # 8211 ; go forthing it independent so that they might war against it. In consequence the Aztecs were reaping worlds within and without their boundary lines in their ardor for maintaining the wheels of the existence good greased. For particular occasions # 8211 ; such as the dedication of the great pyramid of Huitzilopochtli in our twelvemonth 1486 # 8211 ; 10s of 1000s of victims, harvested and kept captive for old ages # 8211 ; were offered up, and their lines extended for stat mis rearward from the centre of forfeit. The p yramids glistened black with blood # 8211 ; a mark of great power and energy for that is how the Sun God drank # 8211 ; and great hills of skulls grew up. In Tenochtitl? n the extra organic structures were fed to the animate beings in the menagerie. Although this was a normative experience in Aztec civilization # 8211 ; one the Aztecs felt comfy with as they might state in Marin County, it seems clear that their neighbours were experiencing oppressed and threatened. One of the pretenses of Cortez was that of a liberator. Slide # 8211 ; after the forfeit # 8211 ; a victim thrown down the stairss of the pyramid. The organic structures of the excardiated victims were flung down the stairss of the pyramid, possibly as a unsmooth and ready signifier of tenderising the meat. The bole and limbs would be severed, and the stamp parts, the thighs and the custodies reserved for ritual banqueting. Moctezuma was said to be partial to the thighs of immature work forces, served with a nice tomato and chili Piper nigrum sauce. Prescott captures the European sense of horror # 8220 ; This was non the harsh meal of ravenous man-eaters, but a feast pullulating with delightful drinks and delicate commissariats, prepared with art, and attended by both sexes, who, as we shall see afterlife, conducted themselves with all the decorousness of civilised life. Surely, neer were refinement and the extreme of brutality brought so closely in contact with each other! # 8221 ; reader Ritual forfeit and cannibalism: pros and cons Indeed, the Aztecs don # 8217 ; t seem so bad if you put their wonts next to those of the Spanish Inquisition. At least the Aztec sacrificed their victims to their Gods and into heaven ; the Inquisition burned its victims and consigned them to hell. And modern authors stress the centrality, the necessity, of human forfeit in Aztec society. If you believe what they did, that the Sun needed a day-to-day ration of human blood, so worlds had to be sacrificed to the Sun. It was a tough occupation, in other words, but person had to make it. The victims, some say, were good cared for and honored before their deceases. And they were non persons in our modern western sense # 8211 ; they were honored themselves to be chosen, to make their spot, as it were, to maintain the Sun traveling for the remainder of humanity. Another principle is that human forfeit # 8211 ; largely, but non ever, of immature males captured in war, was a cultural device to extinguish excess males from the population. The 1s botchy plenty in war got caught, the more cagey 1s survived to reproduce # 8211 ; so instead than contending bloody and deathly wars with an overkill factor, the Mexicans were ordaining a comparatively humane and structured process in their captive reaping warfare. But eating their victims afterwards? Even though this excessively is a clip honored ritual, widely testified to in the Americas, Many now suspect that studies of cannibalism in the Americas are greatly overdone and the consequences of Europeans spooking themselves with their ain horror narratives. But with the Aztecs, with so much fume, there likely is some fire. Prescott # 8217 ; s sense of horror continues to impact our present position. One can merely state # 8211 ; yes, in certain societies, one can be civilized and eat one # 8217 ; s neighbor excessively. How to grok this mentality? Partaking of the flesh of the victim, one partakes of the victim # 8217 ; s indispensable nature, does him or her award, while honouring the Gods. The banquet is therefore a echt rite of regard and Communion. The Christian mass itself is a re-enactment of such a banquet # 8211 ; merely in the mass it is the flesh and blood of the God that is eaten # 8211 ; a chance that might hold horrified the Aztecs. One historian even suggested that the meat of the sacrificial victims provided a important beginning of protein in a society where the largest signifier of carnal farm animal was the poulet. Were the Aztecs merely endeavoring for a balanced diet? Whatever the accounts, it was this last pattern that most horrified the Spaniards and led them to reason that the Aztecs were beyond the picket of humanity, unless they could be saved by another faith. Fear, ardor, and greed were all portion of the coming brush between Cortez and Moctezuma. Sacrifice to Huitzilopochtli During the Sun God forfeit ceremonial, a priest carved out the individual # 8217 ; s bosom with an obsidian blade knife. At this clip in the individual was still alive and witting. The priest would so take the bosom from the individual # 8217 ; s thorax. During this ceremonial, the individual being sacrificed seldom uttered a word. The sacrificed individual was so thrown down the side of the temple, and after making the underside, the sacrificed individual # 8217 ; s weaponries and legs were severed. These appendages were so cooked in a clay oven, and served as a stamp daintiness. In eating their victims, or partaking in them, the Aztecs believed that they were honouring them, every bit good as honouring the Sun God. The rite of the bosom being cut out of the forfeit victim was to honour merely the Sun God. Other Sacrificial Ceremonies The Aztec besides preformed other sacrificial ceremonials. During the ceremonial by and large preformed in respect to Wipe Tote, the forfeit was preformed by hiting the victim with pointers. In this case, beads of blood falling from victims represented life giving rain. In award of the Aztec fire God, the forfeit was made by covering the victim with hashish, and so puting them into fire. In specific ceremonials throughout the Aztec twelvemonth, people who were traveling to be sacrificed frequently dressed up as the God to which they would be sacrificed. The sacrificial victims frequently felt honored to be sacrificed, and society held these people up as model and honest.

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Audiogalaxy was the first mainstream centralized P2P client that was capable (although not by design) of sharing any kind of file whatsoever, it gained popularity after the downfall of Napster and was the first time that the MPAA took note of file sharing software as connections became more capable of allowing fast download of high quality video. Audiogalaxy only indexed *.mp3 files, the obvious way round this limitation was found quickly: by (for example) naming a *.exe piece of software from tree.exe to tree exe .mp3. This made AG extremely useful for illegal distribution of both legally and illegally purchased data between users with experience in CGI and Batch (CGI parameters had to be edited to share non mp3 files) but was not as popular as eDonkey2000 (another P2P later to become known as eMule) program which did not have the security limitations of previous P2P clients as it was much faster to decentralize and allow open sharing and indexing. Especially in the case of Napster, facilitating thousands of minor crimes led to a series of lawsuits launched by musicians against the company (Metallica, Dr. Dre, Madonna) but received praise from other artists (Radiohead, Dispatch, Editors) for allowing distribution of singles prior to an albums release. Eventually a larger lawsuit was filed against the company which eventually resulted in bankruptcy after a lawsuit (which inadvertently increased the services user numbers) filed by the RIAA resulting in Napster closing down their network and being blocked from selling the company without liquidating assets under Chapter 7 of the US Bankruptcy Act meaning that the company was forced to close. The name was later sold to Swedish pornography company PMG who run it as a paid for service using similar looking software. AudioGalaxy was also sued and shut down as its out of court settlement rendered the service effectively useless and resulted in the services user base abandoning it en ma sse as a result AG too, opened a pay service to distribute music. In efforts to decentralize and avoid federal prosecution, modern networks designed for file sharing are de-centralized, often encrypted and use proxies to disguise IP addresses, for these reasons modern networks make it much less likely for a user to be discovered and served with a court order or other legal reprimand. A de-centralized system does not have a server which holds the files but instead a server that indexes a list of all available files rather than storing them. Most modern p2p systems also use (as mentioned previously) a process of encryption and proxy servers to make them untraceable. The servers often do not ask uploaders and downloaders of content to register accounts as they have previously done, this prevents user name linking: a process that the CIA reportedly used wherein they would search a napster username through a series of websites trying to gain personal data on a pirate in order to find and prosecute them. Another security feature of modern P2P protocols is the streaming swarm structure which works on a rarest first basis, splitting files into multiple parts and downloading these parts (to be reconstructed into a usable file on the leech (downloading) computer) rather than an actual file. As none of these individual parts is usable as the intended finished product on its own Swedish law allows the redistribution under its own piracy laws for this reason, the most prolific pirating groups are based in the country. One such group is the Swedish pirate political party called Piratbyran, the Piratbyran, (whose motto Pirate and Proud has itself caused problems for the group) this organised group has demanded that (along with the Pirates website piratgruppen.org) pirates be treated fairly by the law of the world as they believe they have the right to appraise things and decide if they are worth purchasing before doing so. For this reason, Piratbyran have set up Kopimi, a copywright alternative (said copyme) which declares others right to use your work as they see fit (this being a more extreme version of many other previously concocted alternatives like creative commons which permit a user the right to use works for non commercial reasons of their choice) for anything at all. The group also used Bram Cohens bit torrent protocol and created the worlds largest tracker a website that indexes all of the files available through the protocol which is called ThePirateBay.com (a.k.a. TPB), this site is distributed in over 20 languages and is currently the most popular tracker for the most advanced, secure and efficient protocol that is commercially available at this time. They are however intending to create their own protocol to remove their reliance in Bram Cohen (the creator) who has recently cut distribution deals with Hollywood film studios and is believed to be considering taking the protocol commercial. Governments across the world are certainly taking note, shown in hundreds of adverts which have only proven ineffective thus far. In the USA and the UK the governments have been running multiple adverts against piracy on legally purchased DVD videos and Blu ray / High Definition DVDs which are fairly useless: the advert assumes You wouldnt steal and lists a series of items before telling you piracy is a crime and showing w young girl getting up from her computer where she is downloading a film and walking out of the door. Most people tend to be offended at the fact that, after legally paying for something, they are forced to watch an advert telling them not to steal. This string of adverts alone has caused a series of parody adverts which take off the script of the original You might steal a book and even inspired a film called Steal this movie. Of course there are also positive sides to the increase in stealing and sharing among internet users, the little guy for example is heard far more than the major executive, companies are embracing the freedom culture and popular bands are pre releasing their albums for free to gain fan support. Sharing is even curing cancer! A largely adopted project ([emailprotected]) launched by a US university is folding protein strings over a massive decentralized network in an effort to discover a cancer cure or prevention in lieu of the supercomputer they would normally require. Those passing records about in the early days probably never saw that coming when they connected their first networks! Back in the early 1980s, piracy (albeit not online) was rife amongst office workers and the computer competent, these early criminals would exchange software through floppy disk and share records between each other. As the 90s started and the first networks were being created within offices, the stealing only increased as files could be copied between computer terminals via cable rather than by hand. Now, with the age of the internet: it is estimated that over 300 million of the worlds population routinely steal information and data over the internet with millions more borrowing DVDs and books from each other, whether or not these people are stealing more or less because of the internet is unquestionable, with our ability to access millions and millions of people we are able to share and steal far more than we previously could have done and this only provides incentive to give and take more than we would normally have done in a spirit of world community that is evoked by groups that exist in this sphere such as piratgruppen and the piratbyran. References: [1] English Wikipedia 18:06 18:09February 7th 2008 Pages on: Peer to peer file sharing, torrent, napster, audiogalaxy, warez, piratbyran or piratgruppen all saved complete to maintain coherence throughout the essay [2] Piratgruppen.org, Piratbyran or The Pirate Bay Blog, all saved complete to maintain coherence throughout the essay as of 18:17 18:23 February 7th 2008

Essay --

This essay explores the mutually beneficial commercial collaborations between the tobacco companies and major motion picture studios from the late 1920s through the 1940s. Smoking in movies is associated with adolescent and young adult smoking initiation. Public health efforts to eliminate smoking from films accessible to youth have been countered by defenders of the status quo, who associate tobacco imagery in â€Å"classic† movies with artistry and nostalgia. Both the entertainment and tobacco industries recognised the high value of promotion of tobacco through entertainment media. Each company hired aggressive product placement firms to represent its interests in Hollywood. These firms placed products and tobacco signage in positive situations that would encourage viewers to use tobacco and kept brands from being used in negative situations. Efforts were also made to place favourable articles relating to product use by actors in national print media and to encourage professional photographers to take pictures of actors smoking specific brands. The cigar industry started developing connections with the entertainment industry beginning in the 1980s and paid product placements were made in both movies and on television. This effort did not always require money payments from the tobacco industry to the entertainment industry, suggesting that simply looking for cash payoffs may miss other important ties between the tobacco and entertainment industries. So, therefore the tobacco industry understood the value of placing and encouraging tobacco use in films, and how to do it. While the industry claims to have ended this practice, smoking in motion pictures increased throughout the 1990s and remains a public health problem. The tobacco i... ...y has a long history of working to influence Hollywood. The power of film to promote the â€Å"social acceptability† and desirability of tobacco use, particularly among young people, is a continuing inducement for the tobacco industry to utilise this medium. The increase in tobacco use and the continuing appearance of specific brands in movies since 1990 may reflect continuing activities by the tobacco industry, despite the industry's voluntary restrictions on such practices. It may be that, as with provisions of the industry's voluntary advertising code that nominally restricts print marketing to children, the industry finds ways around its own rules. Until something is done to reduce and eliminate pro-tobacco images on film, motion pictures will remain one of the most powerful forces in the world promoting tobacco and serving the tobacco industry's financial interests.

The Organization Kid

He feels that the students have been molded by their parents to act and dress in a certain manner. His article also concentrates on the idea that students go to college not to gain higher learning, but to get a good Job and make money. The students are being trained to be â€Å"The Organization Kid. † The Organization Kid is a generation of students who are extraordinarily bright, morally earnest and Incredibly industrious. During the Elementary School era, In the sass and sass schools assigned less and less homework, so that by 1981 the average six-to-eight-year-old was doing only fifty two minutes of homework a week.April 26, 1983, A Nation at Risk was reported. The problem, it said, was that schools had become too loose and free-flowing. Students faced a â€Å"cafeteria style curriculum† that gave them too many choices. Since then, the central focus of the school reform was on testing, accountability & medication which help reshape the minds of kids whose behavior de viates from the standard. So by 1997 the amount of homework assigned to the average child of the same age had doubled to more than two hours a week. For the period of Adolescence. It became ore organized, regulated and supervised with an emphasis on safety.Neo- romantics of the sass and sass believed that children should grow up freely and develop their own creative inclinations. Twenty nine years ago parents were advised to keep out of their kid's way. Let them grow into their own person. Now they're warned that If they aren't with their kids every single minute of their life, they'll grow up to be serial killers. For an example: people don't blame the actual shooters In the Columbine incident, two teen shooters killing 13 people at the Columbine High School, they blame their parents. Today parents do not hesitate to impose their authority.Parental authority nowadays rests on three pillars: science, safety and achievement. In the course of the Princeton Experience, the college admi nistrations tend to impose stricter regulations concerning students' behavior. As part of an effort they can go to amuse themselves without alcohol or drugs. Yet, students are increasingly supportive of universities regulation of private matters such as campus drinking. David Brooks describes the â€Å"typical Princeton student,† an impression he rives from interview sessions with students he notes are a few dozen, faculty- recommended, articulate leaders of tomorrow.Throughout his visit to Princeton, Brooks encountered clean-cut, cheerful scholars and citizens, respectful of their professors, too busy to involve themselves in national politics or social causes, too future-oriented for social life and too on-the-go to spark up intellectual conversations over a meal. To put it briefly, The Organization Kid alludes to an influential study by William H. White, called The Organization Man. The origins of â€Å"The Organization Kid† re to be found in their upbringing.Parent s relied on the achievements of medical and cognitive science to develop their children physically and intellectually. The Organization Kid is students of prestigious universities like Princeton. They appear to busy themselves with a variety of educational & extra-curriculum activities to the extent they do not have time to start a relationship or pay attention to national politics. Most of them are happy with their life, they accept high workload for the reasons of self-improvement, resume building and enrichment. They are described as optimistic, serious & conscientious.

Modern America Matrix Essay

After John F Kennedys death, on December 6, 1963. Theodore White wrote an essay for Life magazine in which he compared Kennedys life to the legend of Camelot. Theodore White wrote that this was a time with a â€Å"magic moment in  American history when gallant men danced with beautiful women, when great deeds were done, when artists, writers, and poets met at the White House. There will never be another Camelot again†. Moss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). Moving on: The American people since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Marilyn Monroe Marilyn Monroe was a movie star sex symbol in the 1950’s Marilyn served as a role model for women. The fashion of the day was not about comfort but to be very sexy and femininity conforms to the prevailing sexual stereotype. Moss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). Moving on: The American people since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Tariff Reductions August 1993, Congress approved a new round of tariff reductions on manufactured goods covered under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The tariff on manufacturing good had been affect since World War II. In 1993 congress reduced the tariff to help the country’s economic recovery. In 1994, Clinton followed these victories by reducing trade barriers with major Pacific Rim nations. Moss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). Moving on: The American people since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Peace Corps In 1961, the Kennedy administration launched the Peace corps. This was established to help Latin America and other third world countries. The Peace Corps was formed because of the cold war concerns in third world countries and from a desire to give idealistic young Americans an opportunity for public service. Over the next two years, about 7,500 Peace Corps volunteers were sent to forty-four nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Most of them worked as teachers; others found jobs in health care, agricultural reform, and community development Moss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). Moving on: The American people since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Alliance for Progress In the 1960’s the Kennedy  administration developed a multifaceted assistance program called the Alianza para progreso. The Alliance for progress was established to blunt the appeal of Castroism and foreclose Soviet opportunities in Latin America. Over the  life of the program, billions of dollars in loans and grants from both public and private sources were fed into the Alliance for Progress. Moss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). Moving on: The American people since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Cheering My Heart Out essays

Cheering My Heart Out essays To be given the chance to be a cheerleader was one of the greatest times of my life. I was a cheerleader for eight years, and my last two years in high school I made the all-star team. My best friend and I cheered on every regular season and the all-star team together. The final game of our career was unforgettable. It had been 8 years of great enjoyment with my best friend, Melinda Fulk. We always clowned around in practice, but when the game would start we had a high intensity. Melinda would lead, and I would follow along with the rest of the squad. When she wasnt leading, I would, and she would get the squad to follow along. We were the top cheerleaders in the division, or so we thought. Our all-star team had made it to the championship of our state tournament. Before our squad took the floor our coach Robin Sessoms gave us a talk. She said, Well ladies, weve came a long way. Todays the day weve all practiced so hard for, but I want to have fun with it. Lets treat this like every other competition we have won. Youre all winners, win or lose. I want you all to know that I feel privileged to have coached such a fine bunch of ladies. So lets go out and cheer as hard as you can. What do you say, lets go have FUN. We all got up and yelled, YEA. Lets cheer hard. Yea As we all got more pumped up. Who are we? NSHS. As we got more loud and more intense. Coach said, Bring it on. Cheer on 3. One, two, three as we all yelled together CHEER. As I ran on to that floor I recalled all the practicing I had done, and I knew I owed most of it to my father. He started me tumbling when I was teeny tiny and cheer when I was in the fifth grade. As my passion grew more and more I wanted t o go practice all the time. So I would ask my father to spot me as I tumbled. Even though my father was tired or in the middle of a good ...

How to Recognize the Signs of Burnout and Stay on Fire

How to Recognize the Signs of Burnout and Stay on Fire Don’t be the one who face-plants on the conference table because you failed to see the signs of your own exhaustion- or start to hate your job because you need a break badly, but never thought to take one. Get your energy and motivation back before you’re totally overwhelmed. Keep an eye out for these symptoms, learn to recognize them, and prepare yourself to stave off burn-out before it burns you.1. DisaffectionYou’re getting snarkier and more sarcastic with every passing meeting. Little things you would have shrugged off last year are suddenly sticking in your craw. A few eye-rolls at the absurdity of corporate speak are fine, but if you’re catching yourself venting your annoyance more frequently than usual, that might be a sign you’re almost at the breaking point.2. FatigueYou’re not just sleepy after the spaghetti you ate for lunch. You’re sleepy all the time. You wake up tired, get to the desk tired, go home too pooped to enjoy yo urself. You’re never â€Å"in the zone† anymore.3. StagnationYou’re not getting any pleasure out of minor victories or completed projects. You feel like you’re working tirelessly, but nothing seems to go anywhere.4. BoredomYou’ve got a billion tasks on your to-do list and projects on your plate, but you just can’t get past the boredom. You have a hard time engaging with your work.5. ProcrastinationWell, more procrastination than normal. Procrastination can actually be productive. But if you’re catching yourself not working more than you’re concentrating on your work, this may be a sign that you need a breather.6. Mystery Ailments and/or StressYou have a sudden onset of medically unexplainable headaches, stomach aches, or insomnia. The doctors say you’re fine, but you feel terrible. Often these symptoms can be stress-related- your body telling your brain you need a break!  These aren’t the only signs you might be close to burn-out, but they’re a good start. Do yourself a favor and take a step back to evaluate. Take stock of which parts of your job are satisfying or annoying- what tasks you like and what is causing you stress. Take a bigger look at whether you’re on track, not just in your job, but in your career. See if there are any steps you can take to be more engaged.Then, implement a plan for change. But don’t forget to take some time off first! You’ll need the extra energy to push you through. Schedule a vacation, take a few more breaks per day, delegate tasks that aren’t holding your attention, and try and focus on the parts of the job that you still love.It’s possible to work hard and relax hard; you just have to plan ahead.How to Recognize the Signs of Burnout Before You’re Burned Out

Personal Mission Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Mission Statement - Essay Example The template includes my understanding of proper adult and learning development. I will put to good use the personal and professional growth theories, as I leave my alma mater. The template includes all relevant inputs. I will include the teachings of Covey (204) in my lifelong template. The template of effective strategies teaches me how to maximize all my God-given powers to gather all necessary knowledge to help the community have a better life. I will also keep to mind the necessary skills needed to make a favorable difference in this world. I will also generate the desire to give my own small but effective contribution to share my blessing with the less fortunate citizens of this world. In addition, I will to have an open mind to learn new things that will hasten the effects of my contributing to the betterment of society. I will be proactive. Being proactive means to implement an act or nonact that will prevent the cropping up a debilitating disaster or unfavorable event. I wil l also learn to put first things first. I will replace sitting all day long and devote more time to activities that will hasten the accomplishment of may goals in life. Time is short, and the average person’s earthly journey is too short to make a positive impact on the other people’s lives. I will also implement activities to ensure my missionary race will create and prolong true happiness, hope, faith, and love in every gathering that I will join. I was put in this world to make a difference. With God guiding my path along my missionary path, I will bravely, boldly and enthusiastically finish my predestined part in this complex Shakespearean type of play called life flying colors. I have my happy moments. I always feel happy when I see the smiling faces of my toddler after a tiring and stressful day’s activities. Joy feels the air when I see my beautiful daughters, God’s gift to me. Further, my happy moments continue as through my